The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. = [ . . . = , 6. Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. B TIMKETKA (): https://youtu.be/5xfT3aTCWOY4. = [ ], 3 - ( ) = , 4 - = , 5 - = , 7 - = , 8 - = , 9 - . The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. () = , 1. . Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. = , 7. raider. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. . These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. = , 4. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. It is estimated that the introduction of Christianity took place in Ethiopia around 300 A.D. The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. The schools have in this period confined their educational activities to glorifying the products of past centuries and conveying these to the coming generation. ], 8. The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. " " ' , 1. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. The church school system has been the instrument that has preserved the traditional learning of Ethiopia and conveyed it faithfully to succeeding generations. Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. = , 2. What is the process of learning the letters? Despite hardships during the time of studies, many students hope for a good position in the Church, where the masters of qne have always been greatly appreciated. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. 12 - () = . . = , 3. c) Reading of the Psalm of David. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. After the great wars, particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined. . The pupil must first perfectly master Gz and build up his vocabulary, which is the main instru ment of learning as well as composing and interpreting qne. The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. . Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. () - ., 10. = . . [6] He invented three forms of chanting. 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In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. ( . ) . Zema means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in Ge'ez,[1][3] the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. Students at Yared School of Music, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song . = , 3. . [4], Saint Yared has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian liturgical chants. C) Reading the Psalms The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. () = , 31. . = ( ) - ., 3. The habit of memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the commentary condition the mode of thinking of the student. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. = , 15. . This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. ( ) = - ., 3. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. = [ ]. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. . = , 30 . Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. .hide-if-no-js { () = , 1. This way the group can compare its progress to know how far it had grasped the interpretation of the previous time. .. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. He must also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values (Alemayyehu Moges 1973: 92). With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. ( ) = , 1.. = , 5. However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. / eathebook ! A Qedasse teacher normally teaches only the hymns which a deacon or a priest has to use in the liturgy of the Church. The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. = , 24 - .= , 25 - . The web value rate of . = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. 81 2 . This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. , 23. A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: display: none !important; . The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. = , 08. It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. () = , 20. [ ], 1. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. One important reason memorization is so stressed all through the Church Schools is that writing materials were traditionally not well developed. The first type is known as Beluy. Privacy-Statement . ( ) :: . The related musical notation is known as melekket. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. 2, 117). It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. Refresh. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) . A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. Not only did it preserve its ancient tradition with tenacity and convey it to future generations but it also secured remarkable continuity that has lasted to the present day. 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