The subchronic study was designed to characterize potential effects of BPA in a wide range of endpoints, including prostate and mammary glands, metabolic changes, and cardiovascular endpoints. Polycarbonate plastic used in automobiles helps make cars lighter and more fuel-efficient while maintaining safety. For more chemical safety facts, follow us on social media. It is commonly used in curing fast-drying epoxy resin adhesives. [70][71] The body first converts it into more water-soluble compounds via glucuronidation or sulfation, which are then removed from the body through the urine. Chemical compound used in plastics manufacturing, InChI=1S/C15H16O2/c1-15(2,11-3-7-13(16)8-4-11)12-5-9-14(17)10-6-12/h3-10,16-17H,1-2H3, InChI=1/C15H16O2/c1-15(2,11-3-7-13(16)8-4-11)12-5-9-14(17)10-6-12/h3-10,16-17H,1-2H3, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "Chemical Fact Sheet Cas #80057 CASRN 80-05-7", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Critical evaluation of key evidence on the human health hazards of exposure to bisphenol A", "Why public health agencies cannot depend on good laboratory practices as a criterion for selecting data: the case of bisphenol A", "The Estrogen Receptor Relative Binding Affinities of 188 Natural and Xenochemicals: Structural Diversity of Ligands", "Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers in Textiles and Infant Clothing", "Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth", "Bisphenol S in Food Causes Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects Comparable to or Worse than Bisphenol A: A Literature Review", " i ", "Condensationsproducte aus Ketonen und Phenolen", "The politics of plastics: the making and unmaking of bisphenol a "safety", "Synthetic strogenic Agents without the Phenanthrene Nucleus", "Molecular Structure in Relation to Oestrogenic Activity. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. tableware. Bisphenol Resin. NIEHS sponsors and co-sponsors scientific meetings, conferences, and events throughout the year. Prediction and evaluation of route dependent dosimetry of BPA in rats at different life stages using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Bisphenol A epoxy resin is the most common type for concrete coatings because of its excellent adhesion, toughness, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. The primary source of exposure to BPA for most people is through the diet. When the low-molecular-weight bisphenol A epoxy resin is continuously reacted with bisphenol A, the obtained bisphenol A epoxy resin has a high polymerization with a relative molecular mass 1400 or more. In particular, infants are considered to be at greater risk,[83] leading to bans on the use of BPA in baby bottles and related products by the US,[84] Canada,[85] and EU[86] amongst others. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic. Epoxy resins made with BPA are tough and readily adhere to metal surfaces, making them excellent materials for protective coatings. FDA can make regulatory changes based on new safety or usage information. TM 332 epoxy resin (Dow Chemical, Midland, TX, USA) with the epoxy group content of 24.6%-25.1% and epoxy equivalent of 171-175 which is referenced as DGEBA and with ERISYS Resorcinol . [17] Although BPA exposure is common it does not accumulate within the body, with toxicokinetic studies showing the biological half-life of BPA in adult humans to be around two hours. [90] It can also protect it from deactivation from the SERM 4-hydroxytamoxifen (afimoxifene). The performance of specialized collections of bisphenol A epoxy resin system components in the evaluation of workers in an occupational health . On the regulatory front, FDAs regulations authorize FDA to amend its food additive regulations to reflect when certain uses of an additive have been abandoned. Epoxy resins have many uses including engineering applications such as electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints and adhesives, as well as in a variety of protective coatings. How does BPA get into the body? Developmental treatment with bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol causes few alterations on early preweaning measures. Epoxy resin, on the other hand, has been of substantial significance to engineering for many decades. It is not a plasticizer,[11] although it is often wrongly labelled as such. . [74] It binds to both of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ER and ER. [9][10] The manufacturing of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins account for 2530% of BPA use. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. The chemical formula of Bisphenol A isC15H16O2. At high concentrations, BPA also binds to and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR). Based on FDAs ongoing safety review of scientific evidence, the available information continues to support the safety of BPA for the currently approved uses in food containers and packaging. [21] BPA has been investigated by public health agencies in many countries, as well as by the World Health Organization. Chemical name (IUPAC): 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, oligomeric reaction products with 1 -chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, esters with acrylic acid . Therefore, they are effective adhesion for most substrates such as glass, ceramics, silicon wafers, and polymer materials. BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER RESIN Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Introduction Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) is a pale yellow liquid epoxy compound formed by the polycondensation of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A (BPA). Properties of copolymer epoxy resins. If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Some are conducted according to internationally recognized standards that ensure methodological and statistical reliability, and others are not. These plastics first appeared in 1958, being produced by Mobay, General Electric, and Bayer. [90] Different expression of ERR- in different parts of the body may account for variations in bisphenolA effects. Find here online price details of companies selling Bisphenol Resin. Published September 2022. [35][34], BPA has a fairly high melting point but can be easily dissolved in a broad range of organic solvents including toluene, ethanol and ethyl acetate. The lowest molecular weight an epoxy resin of the DGEBA type can have is 340, but if two elements together can form different molecular weights when they react, the epoxy resin will contain a mixture of epoxy molecules of varying lengths. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Furthermore, composite . [3]NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Bisphenol A, NIH Publication No. 506 epoxy resin has been used as an embedding medium for microscopy. BPA has also been found to act as an agonist of the GPER (GPR30). fatty acid dimers, +undefined-86-13650506873 +undefined-86-13650506873. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET West System Inc. MSDS #105-13a Last Revised: 26APR13 1. Scientific Peer-Review of the Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, 31 October 2008. [36] It may be purified by recrystallisation from acetic acid with water. About 6570% of all bisphenol A is used to make polycarbonate plastics,[9][10] which can consists of nearly 90% BPA by mass. Epoxy resins are made by reacting epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A to produce a different chemical substance called bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (also known as BADGE or DGEBA). Its current uses are as a primary monomer in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. [31][16] Dodds eventually developed a structurally similar compound, diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was used as a synthetic estrogen drug in women and animals until it was banned due to its risk of causing cancer; the ban on use of DES in humans came in 1971 and in animals, in 1979. In recent years, DGEBA has been used for the inner coating of packaging materials such as canned food. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) can be called a small-molecule adhesive. The study included an in utero phase, direct dosing to pups to mimic bottle feeding in neonates, and employed a dose range covering the low doses where effects have been previously reported in some animal studies, as well as higher doses where estrogenic effects have been measured in guideline oral studies. Usage/Application: Polycarbonate , Epoxy resin, Thermal paper. Bisphenol A was investigated in the 1930s during the search for synthetic estrogens. [22][17][72], The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate,[12][13][14] with PubMed listing more than 16,000 scientific papers as of 2022. The chemical formula is (CH 3 ) 2 C(C 6 H 4 OH) 2. The manufacturing of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins account for 25-30% of BPA use. The .gov means its official. Per the diagram below, most epoxy resins are made by reacting Bisphenol A (BPA) with an excess of epichlorohydrin so the end groups are glycidyl ethers. . [27], In terms of the endocrine disruption controversy, the British biochemist Edward Charles Dodds tested BPA as an artificial estrogen in the early 1930s. Polycarbonate plastic made with BPA is shatter-resistant, lightweight, and has high optical clarity similar to glass. Visit ChemicalBook To find more Bisphenol A epoxy resin() information like chemical properties,Structure,melting point,boiling point,density,molecular formula,molecular weight, physical properties,toxicity information,customs codes. BPA seems to bind strongly to ERR- (dissociation constant = 5.5 nM), but only weakly to the ER. Although it is 1000- to 2000-fold less potent than estradiol, the major female sex hormone in humans. The synthesis of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the most widely used epoxy resin monomer, is: Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid phase belonging to the diphenylmethane group and is soluble in organic solvents but poorly dissolves in water (0.344 % wt. Cool the mixture to room temperature; add extractant toluene/water (volume ratio 2:1) and stir it at room temperature for half an hour. Polyols can be compounds such as 1,4-butanediol. Durable and decorative floorings, such as terrazzo flooring, chip flooring and colored aggregate flooring, are made from epoxy resins. Lactational transfer of bisphenol A in Sprague-Dawley rats. It may also be used as an ingredient in some resins, which can act as a lining on the inside of some metal food and drink cans. [22] BPA-free plastics have also been introduced, which are manufactured using alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, but there is also controversy around whether these are actually safer. BPA is an important industrial chemical, which is mainly used as a raw material of polycarbonate and epoxy resin. Extensive scientific dataabout BPA provides consumers with information about BPA safety and help put public confusion about BPA into perspective: If I buy a BPA-free product, is it safer? It is found in various products including shatterproof windows, eyewear, water bottles, and epoxy resins that coat some metal food cans, bottle tops, and water supply pipes. As an addition to this core study, FDA is providing extra animals and tissues to a consortium of grantees [8] selected and funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to address other critical questions. [106][107] BPA appears able to effect development and reproduction in a wide range of wildlife,[107] with certain species being particularly sensitive, such as invertebrates and amphibians.[106]. [34] These are not always removed and are known impurities in commercial samples of BPA. Because of its extreme durability and strength, polycarbonate plastic is particularly useful for making component parts that need to be thin and light, but strong. FDA can take this action on its own initiative or in response to a food additive petition that demonstrates that a use of a food additive has been permanently and completely abandoned. This is further confirmed by CLARITY, as the results clearly show that BPA has very little potential to cause health effects, even when people are exposed to it throughout their lives, said Steven G. Hentges, Ph.D., Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC). Poly(Bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) glycidyl end-capped 25036-25-3: POLY(BISPHENOL A CARBONATE) 111211-39-3: Polyethyleneglycol Bisphenol A Epichlorohydrin Copolymer 42617-82-3: Polyethyleneglycol Bisphenol A Epichlorohydrin Copolymer 37225-26-6: Soya fatty acids, bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin polymer 66070-76-6: Bisphenol-A-polycarbonate 25037 . [1]U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, 14 August 2008. 80-05-7 Bisphenol a with Wholesale Price Min. :30583-72-3 Molecular formula:C18H33ClO3 Molecular weight: 332.91 Appearance:Colorless liquid Assay 60% Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin Specification: Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin Application [22] The European Chemicals Agency has added BPA to the Candidate List of substances of very high concern (SVHC), which would make it easier to restrict or ban its use in future. This group may lie within the body of the molecule but is usually terminal. BPA is best known for its use in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, particularly those found in water bottles, baby bottles, and other beverage and food containers. bisphenol A type Epoxy resin depending on the molecular weight and degree of polymerization n, the resin is yellow to amber transparent viscous liquid (or solid), the average molecular weight in the production of 300~700, n; 2, softening point below 50 is called low molecular weight epoxy resin (I. E. Soft resin); Molecular weight above 1000, n>2, those having a softening point above 60 C. Chemical Formula . As a result, many exploratory scientific studies have appeared in the public literature. Concerns about the health effects of BPA have led some manufacturers replacing it with other bisphenols, such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F. These are produced in a similar manner to BPA, by replacing acetone with other ketones, which undergo analogous condensation reactions. In recent years, many claims have been made about the health effects of BPA. Make any industrial chemical reactions run smoothly with the organic intermediate compounds available at Alibaba.com's chemical store. Order: 18 Tons Shandong Near Chemical Co., Ltd. View larger video & image Contact Now Hot Sale Bisphenol a CAS No. Explore thermosetting epoxy resins in detail along with their key properties and understand what makes them an ideal choice in so many applications. In addition, FDA actively supported and participated in the Expert Consultation on BPA convened by World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on November 2-5, 2010, in Ottawa, Canada. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics. Supplier. Demonstrated that oral BPA administration results in rapid metabolism of BPA to an inactive form. a) Churchwell MI, Camacho L, Vanlandingham MM, Twaddle NC, Sepehr E, Delclos KB, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. 2010 Sep 1;247(2):158-65. d) Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Brown RP, Fisher JW. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a diphenylmethane derivative, commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and various other plastic-based consumer products. mixing process is what I used. Epoxy is a synthetic resin that uses two chemical components (typically diglycidyl ethers and a combination of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin) to harden or cure. [37] Crystals form in the monoclinic space group P 21/n (where n indicates the glide plane); within this individual molecules of BPA are arraigned with a 91.5 torsion angle between the phenol rings. Many BPA-containing materials are non-obvious but commonly encountered,[17] and include coatings for the inside of food cans,[18] clothing designs,[19] shop receipts,[20] and dental fillings. Comparison of life-stage-dependent internal dosimetry for bisphenol a, ethinyl estradiol, a reference estrogen, and endogenous estradiol to test an estrogenic mode of action in Sprague Dawley rats. Epoxy Composites: Additives for High Performance, Epoxy Resins: A to Z Technical Review of Thermosetting Polymer, Synthesis of Epoxy Monomer from Bisphenol A and Epichlorohydrin, Be the first to comment on "Epoxy Resins: A to Z Technical Review of Thermosetting Polymer", carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBNs), Powdered metals to improve electrical and thermal conductivity, Silica for cost reduction, and strength enhancement, Talc and calcium carbonate cost reduction, Carbon and graphite powders to increase lubricity, Particle characteristics (size, share, surface area), Extremely strong and good flexural strength, The hardener and the temperature determine epoxy resin cure time, Resistant to wear, cracking, peeling, corrosion and damage from chemical and environmental degradation, Has a bonding strength of up to 2,000 psi, Generally, costs slightly less than epoxy resin, Off-gases VOCs and has strong, flammable fumes, Bonding strength of polyester resin is generally less than 500 psi, Once cured, polyester resin is water permeable, meaning water can pass through it eventually, Better adhesive properties (the ability to bond to the reinforcement or core), Superior mechanical properties (particularly strength and stiffness), Improved resistance to fatigue and micro cracking, Reduced degradation from water ingress (diminution of properties due to water penetration), Increased resistance to osmosis (surface degradation due to water permeability), Natural oil-based (soybean, linseed, castor). The epoxide functional group is also collectively called epoxy. Pathways include photo-oxidation, or reactions with minerals such as goethite which may be present in soils and sediments. The 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found detectable levels of BPA in 93% of 2517 urine samples from people six years and older. MAIN APPLICATIONS Bisphenol A Epoxy is widely used in the manufacture of: Epoxy resins; Phenolic resins . When government scientists review studies to make a safety conclusion, they look at the weight of the evidence, meaning the information available from all sources, and how well each study was conducted. PubChem CID 24754; . Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in neonatal and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Chemical Economics Handbook. Bisphenol A is a chemical compound containing two phenol functional groups. The performance represented by each part of the Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is shown here: Araldite? While air, dust, and water are other possible sources of exposure, BPA in food and beverages accounts for the majority of daily human exposure. NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration. 12 oz. Global production in 2022 is expected to reach 10 million tonnes. Specialty Chemicals And Polymers. Polycarbonate drinks containers are also a source of exposure, although most disposable drinks bottles are actually made of PET, which contains no BPA. General description. #12-03 Keck Seng Tower, [12] A common criticism is that industry-sponsored trials tend to show BPA as being safer than studies performed by academic or government laboratories,[14][75] although this has also been explained in terms of industry studies being better designed. 2011 Nov;124(1):149-60. k) He Z, Paule MG, Ferguson SA. The reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a sulfonated polystyrene resin. [90] BPA binding to ERR- preserves its basal constitutive activity. Due to its especially thick natural consistency, there will commonly be additives and diluents which are added into the Bisphenol-A epoxy formula to enhance workability and adhesion. In the fall of 2014, FDA experts from across the agency, specializing in toxicology, analytical chemistry, endocrinology, epidemiology, and other fields, completed a four-year review of more than 300 scientific studies. Comparatively minor amounts of BPA are also used as additives or modifiers in some commodity plastics. The studies reviewed were published or available from November 1, 2009 to July 23, 2013. In fact, the Federal Trade Commission has specifically cautioned that free-of claims may deceive consumers by falsely suggesting that the marketer has improved the product by removing the substance.. Bisphenol A can leach into food from the protective internal epoxy resin coatings of canned foods and from consumer products such as polycarbonate tableware, food storage containers, water bottles, and baby bottles. [11]. The CDC NHANES data are considered representative of exposures in the United States. This early work underpinned the development of epoxy resins, which in turn motivated production of BPA. Bisphenol F (BPF) based epoxy resins are more flexible than that of BPA-based epoxies. Structural formula Name CAS Reactants; Bisphenol AF: 1478-61-1: Phenol: Hexafluoroacetone: Bisphenol F: 620-92-8: Phenol: . There is no scientific basis to say that BPA-free products are safer than products with BPA. Government regulators have the responsibility of reviewing all studies and considering issues like study design and quality and whether the result of any particular study was repeated in other studies. This search feature obtains best-matches with the terms you choose, and shows an overall score based on the scientific rankings. Camacho L, Vanlandingham MM, Twaddle NC, Sepehr E, Delclos KB, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. Camacho L, Lewis SM, Vanlandingham MM, Latendresse JR, Olson GR, Davis KJ, Patton RE, Gamboa da Costa G, Woodling KA, Bryant MS, Chidambaram M, Trbojevich R, Juliar BE, Felton RP, Thorn BT. These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public. Our line of powerful Liquid Epoxy Resins -including Bisphenol A, Modified Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A/F, Modified Bisphenol A/F, Bisphenol F offers the reliability, protection and performance you need, backed by the local customer support Only Olin can provide, virtually anywhere in the world. 250/ Ton Get Latest Price. . What Does U.S. Government Research Tell Us About BPA? [66][67][68] The primary source of human exposure is via food, as epoxy and PVC are used to line the inside of food cans to prevent corrosion of the metal by acidic foodstuffs. Polymerisation is achieved by a reaction with phosgene, conducted under biphasic conditions; the hydrochloric acid is scavenged with aqueous base. The chemical formula of Bisphenol A is C15H16O2. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Japanese National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) is a pale yellow liquid epoxy compound formed by the polycondensation of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A (BPA). The remaining 5% of BPA is used in a wide range of applications, many of which involve plastic. Products made from BPA meet high-performance demands. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. The degree to which BPA leaches from polycarbonate bottles into liquid may depend more on the temperature of the liquid or bottle, than the age of the container. FDA will continue to participate in discussions with our international regulatory and public health counterparts who are also engaged in assessing the safety of BPA. Dynamic mechanical experiments have been conducted on an epoxy system made with tetraglycidyl 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) and polyglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A Novalac that were cured. [2]FDA Science Board Subcommittee on Bisphenol A. 1). Epoxy groups located at both ends of the molecule can undergo reactions of ring-opening, cross-linking and solidity with amines, anhydrides, and other curing agents of epoxy resins. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Usage: Industrial. Products like bike helmets, police shields, reading glasses and bullet-proof glass are all shatter resistant because of BPA. Polycarbonate plastic is a lightweight, high-performance plastic that possesses a unique balance of toughness, optical clarity, high heat resistance, and excellent electrical resistance. [38][39][40] Spectroscopic data is available from AIST.[41]. Health concerns have also been raised about these substitutes. We provide Bisphenol A epoxy resin safety data sheet view and download for free at Echemi.com. Released in 2018 by the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the data supports FDAs one word answer to the question Is BPA safe?: Yes. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. . The results, released in 2018 by the U.S. National Toxicology Program, were accompanied by a statement from Dr. Stephen Ostroff, Deputy Commissioner for Foods and Veterinary Medicine at the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), saying: our initial review supports our determination that currently authorized uses of BPA continue to be safe for consumers.. [5] https://www.regulations.gov/docket/FDA-2010-N-0100. Another reason for concern, especially for parents, may be because some animal studies report effects in fetuses and newborns exposed to BPA. Using the data and design from the rodent subchronic study, the National Toxicology Program/Food and Drug Administration (NTP/FDA) is conducting a long-term toxicity study of BPA in rodents to assess a variety of endpoints, including novel endpoints where questions have been raised. The FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research is continuing with an additional study: Rodent chronic toxicity study, which is currently underway. At 830C). Some animal studies suggest that infants and children may be the most vulnerable to the effects of BPA. Because of these attributes, polycarbonate is used in a wide variety of common products including digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs), electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, and many other products. You may have heard claims that BPA exposure causes health effects in people. To fix the amount of fixed bisphenol A and make excess epichlorohydrin can obtain DGEBA. Dianin in 1891. While there have been many hundreds of studies on BPA, none has shown a direct cause-and-effect relationship between BPA and any human health effects. Some, but not all, plastics that are marked with recycle codes 3 or 7 may be made with BPA. Bisphenol A (BPA, 80-05-7) is an organic compound used predominantly in the production of products made of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins that line food and beverage cans. [99] Regardless, the remaining 29% of BPA will continue through to the environment, with low levels of BPA commonly observed in surface water and sediment in the U.S. and Europe. This orphan receptor (endogenous ligand unknown) behaves as a constitutive activator of transcription. FDA continues to review the available information and studies on BPA. BPA Initiatives - The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) have developed an integrated, multipronged, consortium-based approach to optimize BPA-focused research investments to more effectively address data gaps and inform decision making. Liquid Epoxy Resins Show entries NIEHS intramural scientists have defined descriptive terms of particular relevance to their own research, and have ranked those terms accordingly. At last,Bisphenol A epoxy resin() safety, risk, hazard and . The consensus of major government agencies around the world is that BPA is safe as used in food-contact applications. It is also a component in metal can coatings, which protect the food from directly contacting metal surfaces. Phenol-formaldehyde resin . Dont microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers. 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To say that BPA-free products are safer than products with BPA are also used as A primary monomer polycarbonate... Sulfonated polystyrene resin in Food Contact applications, many of which involve plastic in. Which is currently underway consensus of major government agencies around the World is that BPA causes... Flexible than that of BPA-based epoxies price details of companies selling Bisphenol.... Motivated production of BPA to an inactive form, BPA also binds to of! Million tonnes most vulnerable to the ER BPF ) based epoxy resins and vinyl ester account!

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