[116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. When the two clubs play each other, it is known as Uruguayan Clsico and is the most important rivalry in Uruguay and one of the biggest in the American continent.[171]. WebThe history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (15161811), the Period of Nation-Building (18111830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830). [24] Since bilateral relations with Argentina are considered a priority, Uruguay denies clearance to British naval vessels bound for the Falkland Islands, and prevents them from calling in at Uruguayan territories and ports for supplies and fuel. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. WebAirplane Photos & Aviation Photos - View, Search, or Upload Photos! [150] Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. WebWife, Julie; four children. A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century,[clarification needed] culminating in the 1973 coup d'tat, which established a civic-military dictatorship. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. [44] In general, the Terra government weakened or neutralized economic nationalism and social reform. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898sqmi) and has a population of an estimated 3.4million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. Their names and assignments are listed below. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. [11] It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans in the 16th century there were about 9,000 Charra and 6,000 Chan and some Guaran island-settlements. The country name of Uruguay derives from the namesake Ro Uruguay, from the Indigenous Guaran language. In 1806 and 1807, the British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo as part of the Napoleonic Wars. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. WebUruguay - Uruguay - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway. In March 2020, Uruguay got a conservative government, meaning the end of 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition. Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, wedged between Argentina and Brazil. Spain's High Court has approved the extradition to Uruguay of a doctor accused of helping the military torture dissidents during the right-wing military dictatorship in the 1970s, the court said on Monday. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. [170] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country. By 1879, the total population of the country was over 438,500. Since its independence, the country has been known as "Repblica Oriental del Uruguay", which literally translates to "Republic East of the Uruguay [River]". [103] Gross public sector debt contracted in the second quarter of 2010, after five consecutive periods of sustained increase, reaching $21.885billion US dollars, equivalent to 59.5% of the GDP. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. [25] Besides stressing the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, it also stresses resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States. Punta del Este adjoins the city of Maldonado, while to its northeast along the coast are found the smaller resorts of La Barra and Jos Ignacio. Sanguinetti was then re-elected in 1994. [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. [25] The book continues to influence young writers. [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. However, the south of the country receives less precipitation than the north. [55], In 2009, Jos Mujica, a former left-wing guerrilla leader (Tupamaros) who spent almost 15 years in prison during the country's military rule, emerged as the new president as the Broad Front won the election for a second time. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. [153] In 2009, the government planned to invest 4.5% of GDP in education. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo Mission from 2016 to 2019. Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. This includes the new Rwanda Kigali and Hawaii Laie missions. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. Uruguay, a nation in southeastern South America covers an area of 176,000 square km and is the continents second smallest nation. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por In 2012 the sector was estimated to account for 97,000 jobs and (directly and indirectly) 9% of GDP. [69] Winter temperatures range from a daily average of 11C (52F) in the south to 14C (57F) in the north, while summer average daily temperatures range from 21C (70F) in the southeast to 25C (77F) in the northwest. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. [145], Uruguay's capital has 12 synagogues, and a community of 20,000 Jews by 2011. [40] This division of power lasted until the President Jose Batlle y Ordonez instituted his political reforms which caused the last uprising by Blancos in 1904 that ended with the Battle of Masoller and the death of Blanco leader Aparicio Saravia. The number of union members has quadrupled since 2003, rising from 110,000 to more than 400,000 in 2015 for a working population of 1.5 million.According to the International Trade Union Confederation, Uruguay has become the most advanced country in the Americas in terms of respect for "fundamental labour rights, in particular the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and the right to strike. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. [155] Over the 20072009 period, 362,000 pupils and 18,000 teachers were involved in the scheme; around 70% of the laptops were given to children who did not have computers at home. 3,825 residence permits were awarded in 2009, compared with 1,216 in 2005. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. [64] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.61/10, ranking it 147th globally out of 172 countries. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. [41] During this authoritarian period, the government took steps toward the organization of the country as a modern state, encouraging its economic and social transformation. The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighboring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. [135] In 2009, for the first time in 44 years, the country saw an overall positive influx when comparing immigration to emigration. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. The mobile phone market is shared by the state-owned ANTEL and two private companies, Movistar and Claro. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. Their efforts proved ineffective and, by 1849, tired of the war, both withdrew after signing a treaty favorable to Rosas. [167] Despite their early success, they missed three World Cups in four attempts from 1994 to 2006. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. [36] The besieged Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help, which led to a French and an Italian legion being formed, the latter led by the exiled Giuseppe Garibaldi. Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy,[32] and to a lesser degree Germany, France and Britain. WebUruguay. [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012, Uruguay scored an 8.17 in the Democracy Index and ranked equal 18th amongst the 25 countries considered to be full democracies in the world. Most of the Uruguayan dishes are from Spain, France, Italy and Brazil, the result of immigration caused by past wars in Europe. Progressive, stable, safe and culturally sophisticated, Uruguay offers visitors opportunities to experience everyday not made for tourists moments, whether [73] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. On the economic front, the Batlle government (20002005) began negotiations with the United States to create the "Free Trade Area of the Americas" (FTAA). With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [163], Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay. [105] Uruguay was ranked 65th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 62nd in 2019.[106][107][108][109]. The second smallest country on the continent, Uruguay has long been overshadowed politically and economically by the adjacent republics of Brazil and Argentina, with both of which it has many cultural and historical similarities. Ryan K. Olsen Region. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins, or deltas: the Ro de la Plata Basin, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Mern and the Ro Negro. Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. [62], With 176,214km2 (68,037sqmi) of continental land and 142,199km2 (54,903sqmi) of jurisdictional water and small river islands,[63] Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. [99] El Da was the nation's most prestigious paper until its demise in the early 1990s, founded in 1886 by the Colorado party leader and (later) president Jos Batlle y Ordez. WebUruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ros and Corrientes, against the province of Buenos Aires; the third and by far the most important, in 186470, in alliance with Argentina and Uruguay, against Paraguay had their roots in the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. [25] The psychological stories of Juan Carlos Onetti (such as "No Man's Land" and "The Shipyard") have earned widespread critical praise, as have the writings of Mario Benedetti. The only country in South America that is smaller than Uruguay is Suriname. Today it is considered a dead tongue, although some elders at the aforementioned location still practice it. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. In statements, the Uruguayan government indicated its firm commitment to the Middle East peace process, but refused to specify borders "to avoid interfering in an issue that would require a bilateral agreement". The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. [113], Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. In 1603, the Spanish began to introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region. [25] Other modern Uruguayan writers include Mario Levrero, Sylvia Lago, Jorge Majfud, and Jess Moraes. [162] Although it sells only about 16,000 copies a week, its estimated readership exceeds 50,000. Typical dishes include: "Asado uruguayo" (big grill or barbecue of all types of meat), roasted lamb, Chivito (sandwich containing thin grilled beef, lettuce, tomatoes, fried egg, ham, olives and others, and served with French fries), Milanesa (a kind of fried breaded beef), tortellini, spaghetti, gnocchi, ravioli, rice and vegetables. Less successfully, they introduced rugby and cricket. [53], Vzquez, who assumed the government in March 2005, created the Ministry of Social Development and sought to reduce the country's poverty rate with a $240million National Plan to Address the Social Emergency (PANES), which provided a monthly conditional cash transfer of approximately $75 to over 100,000 households in extreme poverty. [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. First in Latin America on two out of three basic dimensions of the. [83] A rivalry between the port of Montevideo and the port of Buenos Aires, dating back to the times of the Spanish Empire, has been described as a "port war". [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century. WebIn 1815, Portugal and Britain launched an offensive against Uruguay, and two years later they lower combination high blood pressure medications captured Montevideo and merged Uruguay into Brazil s territory. [144] Uruguay's secularization began with the relatively minor role of the church in the colonial era, compared with other parts of the Spanish Empire. [117][118] The London-based magazine Frontier chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. [44] In 1933, Terra organized a coup d'tat, dissolving the General Assembly and governing by decree. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [167] Uruguay performed very creditably in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, having reached the semi-final for the first time in 40 years. 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