[56] Parish churches tended to have less music as Puritan influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. Try to focus on: Religion in Elizabethan England was a political matter because the Elizabethan state was unable for lack of resources, or unwilling for lack of conviction and commitment, to enforce the strict religious uniformity which was supposed to obtain. Some even refused to attend church as Elizabeth refused to strictly enforce the recusancy fines of 5p. It replaced the pope as the highest authority over the church of England. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. [49], The Queen was disappointed by the extreme iconoclasm of the Protestants during the visitations. The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the Church of England, but not a spiritual authority. [75], Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the pope, becoming Supreme Head of the Church of England. They passed the first laws of the English Reformation which were then very important laws for the English parliament. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. Between 1574 and 1603, 600 Catholic priests were sent to England. My Cart 0 Study Notes. A good answer should then include some historiography - i.e. Elizabethan Architecture in England 1550-1625. Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. [2], During Edward's reign, the Church of England preached justification by faith alone as a central teaching,[3] in contrast to the Catholic teaching that the contrite person could cooperate with God towards their salvation by performing good works. This aimed to placate both Catholics and Protestants by creating a middle group which. Explorers became famous and their work has had a lasting legacy. Religious Settlement One key feature of the religious settlement was that the Act of Supremacy made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England. "[78] By the late 1560s, recusancy was becoming more common. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of, This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an Oath of Supremacy. [15] It was obvious to most that these were temporary measures. To remember this Act think of the word 'supreme' which can mean the top or superior. To try to bring together these different groups and ease religious tensions, Elizabeth came up with what became known as the Religious Settlement. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. [117] The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a via media "between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". In Elizabeth's reign, the black people of London were mostly free. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. The Elizabethan age (15581603) is named after the reign of Englands last Tudor monarch, Queen Elizabeth I. In 1533 this act was passed which stated that people could not question on the rule of Henry that was made above decisions and laws by public and church office and the realm of England is an Empire in itself. Many became leaders of an underground Catholic Church. Any person holding a public office or church office in England had to take the oath of supremacy pledging allegiance to the English monarch and recognizing her as the absolute governor of the Church of England. More than anything, English Catholics still . Find out why Lesson 1 Why did Elizabeth's background and character impact on her early reign? [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. History of Britain from Roman times to Restoration era. The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the Church of England, but not a spiritual authority. BBC BItesize: Elizabeth I revision. The Act of Uniformity revoked the strict laws against Roman Catholics and also removed the abuse of Pope from the litany. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560. [112], The Church of England was fundamentally changed. The Settlement failed to end religious disputes. [13][14] At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host. The Elizabethan era ushered in an age of discovery, with merchants trading with the East, and explorers such as Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh circumnavigating the globe and establishing colonies in North America, respectively. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. The church later forgave the king and charged him with some penalty. 1559: Parliament passes the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy. William Allen (English Cardinal), Britannica (2022) The Catholic Reformation and Conspiracies Against Elizabeth (1558-1580), Encyclopedia.com . https://www.buymeacoffee.com/historyteacherContact me on twitter @thehistteach or email me homeworkhelp@thehistoryteacher.net Before 1574, most laymen were not made to take the Oath of Supremacy and the 12d fine for missing a service was poorly enforced. [71], In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority. The result of this pressure was the separation of the English Church from Catholicism. Churchwarden accounts indicate that half of all parishes kept Catholic vestments and Mass equipment for at least a decade. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. [32] The Litany in the 1552 book had denounced "the bishop of Rome, and all his detestable enormities". [110] Many Puritans, however, were unwilling to conform to it. Elizabeth I inherited a kingdom bitterly divided over matters of religion. 10 May - an underground explosion at Markham Colliery, near Staveley, Derbyshire, kills 79. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. [51], Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. The bishops struggled for decades to impose the prayer book and Injunctions on reluctant parishes. [102], In 1603, the King of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I. Elizabeth's bishops protested both moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden by the Second Commandment. 2 June - the children's zoo at London Zoo is opened by Robert and Ted Kennedy, two of the sons of United States ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy. There were 4 important changes made by Elizabeth. [16] In February, the House of Commons passed a Reformation Bill that would restore royal supremacy, the Edwardine Ordinal, and a slightly revised 1552 prayer book. Some modifications were made to appeal to Catholics and Lutherans, including giving individuals greater latitude concerning belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist and permission to use traditional priestly vestments. James was himself a moderate Calvinist, and the Puritans hoped the King would move the English Church in the Scottish direction. It was given statutory force by the Subscription Act, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement. If you were born before 1555, or so, your parents were Catholic. The Act of Supremacy passed by the Parliament of England is significant because it declared the English monarch as the head of the church. Freedom of religion was assumed as long as laws were obeyed, but this did prevent Catholics from worshipping openly, and some sought to rise up against persecution. What differences between Catholics and Protestants caused the Religious Settlement? Elizabethan Settlement Definition and Summary. [99] Whitgift's demands produced widespread turmoil, and around 400 ministers were suspended for refusal to subscribe. England had been a Catholic nation under the rule of the previous monarch, Mary I. Catholics were not happy with the Religious Settlement. [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. Religion in England 1558: Catholics vs Protestants. The injunctions ordered the "holy table" to be carried into the chancel during communion services but at all other times to be placed where the altar would have stood. 28.9K subscribers Elizabeth I immediately created her religious settlement after coming to the throne. One aspect of this is Elizabeth's accession to the throne and her possible marriage. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. When Elizabeth acceded to the throne, she followed her half-sister Mary who, in less than five years, had tried to turn the clock back to Roman Catholicism. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as Puritans, who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. Women were considered inferior in matters of religion and spirituality. The Act of Supremacy 1559 This required all clergymen and government officers. Elizabethan England - KS3 early modern history teaching resources, shared by experienced teachers. [27], Another bill introduced to the same Parliament with the intent to return Protestant practices to legal dominance was the Uniformity bill, which sought to restore the 1552 prayer book as the official liturgy. You can go into more details about her reign in the Timeline of Queen Elizabeth the First. How was the Elizabethan Settlement enforced? What was the reaction of the Catholics to the Religious Settlement? changes had left England in a state of religious instability, which Elizabeth needed to fix. [74] Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. This made Protestantism Englands official faith and also set out rules of religious practice and worship in a revised prayer book. [115] It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters. ELIZABETH I TOPIC MAP (Knowledge Checklist) PDF Sheet to print for the game. While broad and ambiguous, this provision was meant to reassure Catholics that they would have some protection. In the grounds you can see the ruins of many of the monastic buildings Delightful parliament thought that being a woman, Elizabeth shouldn't rule in her own right, but should marry a man who would bring England wealth, security, foreign alliances and even reinforced the country's new protests and religion. What were the main features of Elizabethan Religious Settlement? The Act stated that any smaller monasteries were supposed to be closed and forced the closure of all religious houses of the United Kingdom. This may be because Elizabeth I could reign over England for about 40 years and Mary I had just 5 years to rule. , who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. Education in Elizabethan England. The decision of not granting the divorce was still firm by the church and this is when Henry decided to announce that the Pope did not have any power in England. However, this stance hardened over time. Although she did not want the religion to continue. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing chalices with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation). When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. 1559-60: 400 Catholic clergymen who served under Mary I resign. Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. John Calvin, an influential Continental reformer, had called Henry VIII's claim to supreme headship blasphemy. Elizabethan England - Use our resources to teach British history to your KS4 students. The Pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of Supreme Head, it merely said she could adopt it herself. This is a really big issue for GCSE and you should be familiar with both the settlement and the consequences of it.If you like my content and would like to support me in getting better equipment and software and in having more time to create these videos please consider buying me a latte (3 sugars please!) The fifth Parliament of King Henry VIII is known as the Reformation Parliament. After his wife, Catherine of Aragon, failed to produce a male heir, Henry applied to the pope for an annulment of his marriage. The church was responsible to a great extent to ensure that the Act was being implemented. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was contained in two acts - the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. The required an oath of loyalty from the people who recognized Henrys marriage with Anne Boleyn. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. It is said this change was made to please the Catholics who thought the Church was under the Popes command. It was made compulsory for all to attend Church every Sunday and also on holy days. Elizabeths first act as the Queen was restoring Protestantism as the official religion. This lesson refers to the Edexcel GCSE History textbook. While most people conformed, a minority of recusants remained loyal Roman Catholics. religion in elizabethan england bbc bitesize 2021, religion in elizabethan england bbc bitesize, How To Change Port Number In Visual Studio 2019. [98] Whitgift's first move against the Puritans was a requirement that all clergy subscribe to three articles, the second of which stated that the Prayer Book and Ordinal contained "nothing contrary to the word of God". [88], The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term Puritan came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. It helped in establishing set rules for worship. Calvinists were divided between conformists and Puritans, who wanted to abolish what they considered papist abuses and replace episcopacy with a presbyterian church government. If one did not attend the Church, they were fined 12 pence. The English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy allowed the Puritans to pursue their reform agenda and the dismantling of the Elizabethan Settlement for a period. All the prayer books of Edward VI were integrated into one book. Under the Act of Supremacy, an Ecclesiastical High Commission established with the job of maintaining discipline with the Church and enforcing the queen's religious settlement. KS4 - GCSE History - Elizabethan England - Political and Religious rivalry - England and Spain (no rating) 0 customer reviews. [5][6] The Mass, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of Christ's crucifixion. This, the establishment of a High Commission was undertaken that ensured each and every clergy took the oath. Clergy were to wear the surplice (rather than cope or chasuble) for services. "[114] Historian Judith Maltby writes that Anglicanism as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". Some indeed, both men and women, married native English people. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (, The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the, , but not a spiritual authority. Elizabethan religious settlement: the Timeline of key events. A typical Elizabethan manor. As well as sugar, silks and spices, Persian and Ottoman rugs and carpets covered Elizabethan interiors. religion in elizabethan england bbc bitesize Blog; About; Tours; Contact The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) that brought the English Reformation to a conclusion. In 1568, the Duke of Alva had 5 of his ships intercepted and robbed of 85,000 in gold bullion. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy. Twenty bishops (all Roman Catholics)[22] sat in the House of Lords as Lords Spiritual, and the Lords in general were opposed to change. Lesson 2 Even this was possible only through political intrigue. While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts. [86] In general, the bishops considered clerical dress adiaphora and tried to find compromise, but the Queen believed that the churchand herself as Supreme Governorhad authority to determine rites and ceremonies. By the 1580s, conformist Protestants (termed "parish anglicans" by Christopher Haigh and "Prayer Book protestants" by Judith Maltby) were becoming a majority. [30] The revised Book of Common Prayer removed this denunciation of the Pope. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of, This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. As Church and pope were not in favour of King Henry, he used to attack them and doubt about the powers of the pope in the United Kingdom. During this time, priests said Mass in Latin wearing traditional Catholic vestments. [86] Throughout her reign, the Queen successfully blocked attempts by Parliament and the bishops to introduce further change. When his request was denied, Henry separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and claimed that he, rather than the pope, was its supreme head on earth. The 1588 Marprelate Controversy led to the discovery of the presbyterian organisation that had been built up over the years. Around 900 ministers refused to subscribe to the new prayer book and were removed from their positions, an event known as the Great Ejection. This appeased Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as head of religion as well as head of state. Thomas Sampson, a Marian exile, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone". Elizabeth's accession to the throne in 1558 marked the beginning of Elizabethan England. Browse these study & revision resources covering Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588 for the Edexcel GCSE History option (B4). The early rule of Queen Elizabeth I - Edexcel, Elizabethan Religious Settlement - Edexcel, The Elizabethans - exam preparation - Edexcel, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). These included injunctions allowing processions to take place at Rogationtide and requirements that clergy receive permission to marry from the bishop and two justices of the peace. [10], Mary I, Elizabeth's half-sister, became queen in 1553. , who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. The Elizabethan Act of Settlement was introduced to keep all religious groups satisfied, which seemed to be successful. [27] Under this bill, the Pope's jurisdiction in England was once again abolished, and Elizabeth was to be Supreme Governor of the Church of England instead of supreme head. Protestants Versus Catholics: Religion in Elizabethan England Shakespeare was well acquainted with the religious tensions of his age between the Catholics and the Protestants, and inevitably drew connections between the violent civil Wars of the Roses and the current threat of civil war over religion that many Elizabethans feared. More Info On- Elizabethan Politics and Government, Religion and Religious Beliefs, Settlement Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity. Others refused to conform. [1] Under Elizabeth's half-brother, Edward VI, the Church of England became more explicitly Protestant, projecting a "restrained" Calvinism, in the words of historian Christopher Haigh. [24], The lay peers joined the bishops in their opposition and succeeded in amending the bill considerably. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Key features of Renaissance culture Article by: Andrew Dickson Andrew Dickson follows the progress of the Renaissance through Europe, and examines the educational, religious, artistic and geographical developments that shaped culture during the period. This proved to be advantageous for her because she could put protestant in these positions. Elizabeth had been educated as a Protestant and it as only a matter of time before she reversed the religious changes of Mary, sweeping implied she would not be so dictatorial and would be more tolerant. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the consecration. The Elizabethan Age saw ties become frayed as a result of English actions, Spanish actions, Religion, The Netherlands and Trade. During this time, motets were replaced by anthems,[55] and William Byrd's Great Service was composed for the royal chapel and cathedrals. [40], Another historian, Diarmaid MacCulloch, also finds Neale's thesis flawed. This is all about the Elizabethan Settlement of religion. [53] The bishops thought that Catholicism was widespread among the old clergy, but priests were rarely removed because of a clergy shortage that began with an influenza epidemic in 1558. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered, There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. [62] Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home. Puritan clergy in this movement organised local presbyteries or classes, from which the movement took its name. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. If anyone who does not follow or refuse to take the other will be charged with the act of Treason.Oath of Allegiance. [46], The Injunctions offered clarity on the matter of vestments. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (, The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the, , but not a spiritual authority. This retained some Catholic traditions which Elizabeth hoped would make a good compromise and keep her people happy. [103][104] James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the Five Articles of Perth, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church. This receptionist view had much in common with John Calvin's Eucharistic theology. [30] It encountered more opposition in the Lords than the Supremacy Act, passing by only three votes. This retained some Catholic traditions which Elizabeth hoped would make a good compromise and keep her people happy. Until later in the reign, it's safe to say your grandparents were Catholic. At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal supremacy and the other about a Protestant liturgy. This prayer book was to be used by every church under the rule of Elizabeth.Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy and Uniformity. Under pressure from the Privy Council, Whitgift was forced to accept conditional subscriptions from defiant ministers. [94] Rather, the Admonition's authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. Some lost faith in the Church of England as an agent of reform, becoming separatists and establishing underground congregations. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as. Likewise, Elizabethan Puritans abandoned the hopeless cause of presbyterianism to focus on less controversial pursuits. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered treason. [115], Diarmaid MacCulloch states that Hooker's writings helped to create an "Anglican synthesis". [60], Devotional singing at home was shared between family and friends. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood. What was the outcome of the Religious Settlement? John Whitgift of Cambridge University, a leading advocate for conformity, published a reply in October 1572, and he and Cartwright subsequently entered into a pamphlet war. The Church of Scotland was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the Book of Common Order. According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology". Now outside the established church, the different strands of the Puritan movement evolved into separate denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and Baptists. [116] The clash between Calvinists and Arminians was never resolved, and the "seesaw battle between Catholic and Protestant within a single Anglican ecclesiastical structure has been proceeding ever since". Englands trade with Turkey, Morocco and Persia (which continued intermittently throughout this period) transformed the domestic economy of Elizabethan England, from what people ate to what they wore and even what they said. Later on, 28th May 1533, Archbishop Cranmer announced that marriage of Catherine and Henry is void while his marriage to Anne is valid. Preview. Why was the Religious Settlement of 1559 necessary? They were implemented in the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy of 1559. This lesson examines the Elizabethan religious settlement. The Holy Communion was written in vague words, such that both the Catholics and Protestants could be a part of the religious meet. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement proved to be far more successful than the reforms imposed by Mary I. When you have done this, use a revision guide/knowledge organiser/BBC Bitesize (Link 1) to check your answers and to help you fill in any gaps. In the aftermath of the conformist assault, the 1590s were relatively free of theological controversy. [90], In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 4th Parliament that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch stranger church liturgies. The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (15581603). Historians John Coffey and Paul C. H. Lim write that the Elizabethan Church "was widely regarded as a Reformed church, but it was anomalous in retaining certain features of late medieval Catholicism", such as cathedrals, church choirs, a formal liturgy contained in the prayer book, traditional clerical vestments and episcopal polity. There was a great deal of religious conflict spreading through mainland Europe as Catholics and Protestants fought to establish their faith as the 'true' religion. [64][pageneeded] In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. BY DAVID ROSS, EDITOR. When Elizabeth I came to power in 1558 she was faced with a divided England. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. The Earls and their followers wanted Catholicism restored in England. It is more accurate to call Whitgift and those like him conformists, since the word conservative carries connotations of Catholicism. It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld royal assent. She did, however, firmly believe that people should be allowed to practice the Catholic religion without fear so lo Revision Activities for Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) Key Topic 1: Queen, Government and Religion (1558-69) Elizabeth I - An Introduction. Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy and . The Act of Supremacy and Uniformity declared Queen Elizabeth as the absolute governor of England as well as re-established Protestantism. Author: Created by HistoryTeacherToday. [107], The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. This retained some Catholic traditions which Elizabeth hoped would make a good compromise and keep her people happy. With Phillip II of Spain the consort of England, ties had become as close as ever. Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal Supremacy and Uniformity the. 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