A climate impact study in the Upper Blue Nile, North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. This study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change, impacts and the associated vulnerabilities of and risks to ecosystems, agriculture, water recourses, forestry, bioclimatic conditions, human health and society in the RM, based on a wide range of observations and different model simulations. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. 2014; Mondal et al. 2002; Suryavanshi et al. Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. Conversely, low flow conditions will intensify during the warm months. Awareness creation: The communities in the watershed are dependent on the natural climate, therefore the availability of climatic information is a precondition to enable them to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climatic variability. Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. Water harvesting is particularly important for less rainy seasons and integrated water management, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits. This statistical test is a popular and important tool in detecting the trend used by many other scholars for related applications (Hirsch et al. Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May and June. The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1 December 2019; 10 (4): 799817. Although atmospheric moisture content increases, this is more than compensated for by higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. Geological Processes and the Resulting Landforms of Ethiopia and the Horn, 2.5. Climatic variability in the past has been increasing and from the trends suggested in different studies, may further increase in the near future, putting urgent emphasis on how the community perceives the extent of climate change in order to design coping and adaptation strategies (Belay et al. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. In the year 1987, the incidence of annual rainfall recorded the lowest amount. Do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? Out of seven rainfall stations, only two stations (one at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend during belg season, while during bega season, four stations (three at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend. Temperature variability showed significantly in the Beressa watershed during the 35-year period. This study investigates trends of climate extreme indices in the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (KYB) based on observed data of the period 1971-2017 as well as regional climate model (RCM) simulations for the historical period (1979-2005), the near future (2020-2050), and the far future (2060-2090). It is shown that the MT-CLIM meteorological algorithms used by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model, when driven by daily T min , T max , and precipitation (a configuration used in numerous published studies), do not preserve the original global model's humidity trends. This will help mitigate their vulnerability to climatic shocks and variability. This holds true in both the highlands and lowlands. High correlation existed between crops and rainfall, and temperature was found to have a direct impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants. From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. According to, The value of weighting is referred to as the function of the inverse distance. Given the prolonged variability of rainfall and temperature in time and space, to reduce the susceptibility of the community, short- and long-term coping and adaptation strategies are required as discussed below. Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. For instance belg (spring) rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit (summer season) rain. After visual identification of the outliers, each of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique. The average annual aerial rainfall of the Beressa watershed is 891 mm, with a coefficient variation of 30.6% and standard deviation of 227 mm. During thisseason, Ethiopia and the Horn come under the influence of the Equatorial Westerlies (Guineamonsoon) and Easterlies.Hence, the Guinea monsoon and the South easterly winds areresponsible for the rain in this season.ii. The magnitude of the significantly increasing trend of mean annual rainfall of 0.28 mm/year and 1.07% (DB station) was recorded, whereas a significantly decreasing trend of mean annual rainfall was observed with the values of 8.62 mm/year and 27.88% (HG station). This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. Significantly, the increasing long-term annual minimum and maximum temperature during the study periods indicates that it is more likely this would contribute to the increase of mean annual temperature. 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). In the study area, June is the sowing period for barley and wheat crops. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. Southeastern lowlands of Ethiopia receive rain during autumn and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies and equatorial westerlies are weak. The mean annual temperature varied between 13 and 15.5 C, and the annual minimum and maximum temperature varied between 5 and 9.5 C, respectively. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. Back to Lesson. Before this period, the maximum temperature was 19.40 C and the minimum temperature was 6.20 C, with an average temperature of 12.80 C, while the time series maximum temperature has increased to 20.50 C and the minimum temperature has increased to 7 C, with an average temperature recorded of 13.75 C (Figure3). 2013). The analysis of vulnerability related to climate changes in Ethiopia implies that in the coming decades climate variability and volatility will threaten the social and economic order (damage to natural resources, agricultural productivity, water resources and ecosystems); therefore, the incidence and intensity of drought and famine occurrence is likely to increase. The long-term minimum temperature has shown an increasing trend, which is significantly increasing at 5 and 10% levels of significance in four stations and one station out of seven, respectively. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW stations respectively. A numerical experiment where the values of T dew are altered to compensate for the RH error suggests that eliminating the atmospheric moisture bias could, in and of itself, decrease runoff up to 14 % in high-altitude regions east of the Sierra Nevada and Cascades, and reduce estimated Colorado River runoff at Lees Ferry up to 4 % by the end of the century. The results from the coefficient of variations shown in Table2 revealed that in comparison with the kiremit rainfall season, during the bega and belg seasons rainfall varies considerably more. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. The CHIRPS was developed by the Climate Hazards Group (CHG) at the University of California (Knapp et al. The spatial distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4. In a study by Mekasha et al. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability, Modeling Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow Using Projections of the 5th Assessment Report for the Bernam River Basin, Malaysia, Future Changes in Water Supply and Demand for Las Vegas Valley: A System Dynamic Approach based on CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate Projections, Differentiating Snow and Glacier Melt Contribution to Runoff in the Gilgit River Basin via Degree-Day Modelling Approach, Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Satellite-Derived Rainfall Datasets over the Ziway Lake Basin, Ethiopia, Effect of projected climate change on potential evapotranspiration in the semiarid region of central India, Simulating Streamflow in Response to Climate Change in The Upper Ewaso Ngiro Catchment, Kenya. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. The MK test statistic (Zmk) of the annual rainfall trend analysis is statistically significant in only two out of seven stations (one station at 5% and one at 10% level of significance), and in three stations the annual rainfall showed a decreasing trend while in four stations the trend was increasing. kiremit season (JuneSeptember), belg season (MarchMay), bega season (OctoberFebruary) and annually for all subdivisions, while the long-term trend of temperature was assessed for annual average, annual minimum and maximum temperature. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. 2011; Jain & Kumar 2012; Suryavanshi et al. The minimum and maximum temperature have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively.. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. Over the last three and a half decades, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm. Annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature are influenced by the variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which causes interannual rainfall variability over Ethiopia. Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the field of climate change study. NB: Kiremit: Summer; Belg: Spring; Bega: winter. In order to correct change points in the time historical series, the Adapted Caussinus Mestre Algorithm for homogenising Networks of Temperature series homogeneity test is used. . Fluctuating productivity and hence food insecurity for the area is due to long-term variability in the annual and seasonal rainfall. According to a report made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Parry 2007; Pachauri et al. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. Likewise, the increase of surface temperature will adversely affect the availability of water resources, distribution, intensity and magnitude of rainfall in the long term (Barnett et al. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv. 2013; Pachauri et al. The Geological Time Scale and Age Dating Techniques, 2.4. Brigadier Libanda, Babra N A M W I I N G A Nkolola, The Impact of El Nio on Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food Security, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Assessing climate change projections in the Volta Basin using the CORDEX-Africa climate simulations and statistical bias-correction, Kofi Antwi Yeboah, Komlavi Akpoti, Eric Mortey, Samuel Akowuah Okyereh, Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region: an analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations and projections, Projected trends in mean, maximum, and minimum surface temperature in China from simulations, Climate change impacts on an alpine watershed in Chile: Do new model projections change the story, Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5 global climate models and variable infiltration capacity hydrological modeling system, Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, Simulation of historical and projected climate change in arid and semiarid areas by CMIP5 models. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 %. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Improving awareness about climatic variability and its adverse implications for their environment enables farmers to modify their resources and management practices and make efficient use of available water for better crop production. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % of annual and seasonal rainfall (19802014). Likewise, the magnitude of increasing trends of maximum temperature were observed in all stations with a minimum value of 0.023 C/year in GIN station and a maximum value of 0.21 C/year in ENW station. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. Soil management: Soil erosion and degradation reduces crop productivity for traditional farming practices (particularly for mountainous area like the Beressa watershed), as erosion and degradation occurs at a higher rate than fertile soil formation. Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. Out of seven stations, long-term annual maximum temperature has shown a significantly increasing trend (three stations at 5% significance level and two stations at 10% significance level). On the other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. 2010 ). 2011). However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. This study assessed the historical (19832005) and future (20262100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 2015). Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal variabilities. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. 2014). (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. All the given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. Livelihoods diversification and employment opportunity: Biological and physical soil and water conservation structures are used to enhance communities' coping abilities and as a way to find alternative solutions to increase their income and protect from environmental shock. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. In contrast to the kiremit season, the five years' moving average annual rainfall of the bega season during the period 19802014 was highly variable. The guidelines for interpretation are presented in Table1. Elements and Controls of Weather and Climate, 5.3. This study involves the observation of climatic variables, i.e. Extreme precipitation and streamflow events are expected to become more frequent. However, inEthiopia, as it is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage. According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. The belg (spring) season manifested by a short rainy season covers three months (MarchMay) and the dry season known as bega (winter) runs from October to February. It is a rainfall region in the southwestern partof the country. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. Global warming has become the greatest barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goal with respect to decreasing food insecurity. In line with the study by Wu et al. (2012) found that due to global climate change the eastern part of Africa, including Ethiopia, was drying out. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, while simulated historical and future climate data were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) datasets under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5. Likewise, as presented in Table2, the distribution of annual rainfall has shown to be very low with high PCI. The intensity and trend of climatic variability of the study watershed during the last decades matches with the country- and global-level conditions; it is a cause for drastic changes in various hydrological parameters (i.e. According to Al-Bakri et al. Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). Mixed crop-livestock is the production system of the area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the majority of the population. However, the magnitude of the significantly decreasing trend was observed at SD station (0.90 mm/year and 16.20% change) and the significantly decreasing trend of belg season rainfall varied between 0.12 mm/year and 10.00% at GIN station to a significantly increasing trend of 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% at DB station. 2015; Wagesho & Yohannes 2016). The statistics of the MK test on seasonal as well as annual rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperatures for the Beressa watershed, are presented in Tables3 and 4 respectively. 2012). This development mainly happens in July in Ethiopia and the Horn causingvariability and seasonality.The ITCZ shifts towards south of equator (Tropic of Capricorn) in January. Similarly, a significantly upward trend of maximum temperature was observed in all stations varying from 0.023 C/year and 4.00% in GIN station with a maximum value of 0.21 C/year and 37.60% in ENW station. The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. The negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the last 35 years. The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. Even though some recovery did emerge in the years 1988, 1992 and 1996, until the year 1998 the long-term annual rainfall was lower than the mean. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years. Search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and Climate Change (2019) 10 (4): 799817. Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively. Both increasing and decreasing trends of climatic variables were observed. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. 2007; Fu et al. The magnitude of increasing trend during the belg season was found to be 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% in DB station and a significantly decreasing trend was found to be 0.12 mm/year and 10.00 in GIN station. s u m m a r y Due to global warming the climate of central Chile is expected to experience dramatic changes in the 21st century including declining precipitation, earlier streamflow peaks, and a greater proportion of precipitation falling as rain. Generally, as can be seen from Figure3, there has been a high increase in overall temperature, which may result in a decrease in productivity and food insecurity. Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. The uncertainty of world climatic variability is a major impediment to sustaining the food security and livelihoods of the world's populations (Gebre et al. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. 2005). Following theposition of the overhead sun, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the equator. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. The principal sources of uncertainty for the indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the assessments. Water Resources Potentials and Development in Ethiopia, CHAPTER FIVE THE CLIMATE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 5.2. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. 2016). During this season, Northeasterly windsoriginating from the landmass of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass. 2008; Subash et al. However, during bega season the trend of all stations was downward. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. Previous Topic. 2015 . The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. During the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the mean. Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. The reduction in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards. Other studies have focused on very limited stations and arrived at a conclusion regarding the characteristics of spatial climatic variability for entire regions (Gamachu 1988; Meze-Hausken 2004). Therefore, the moving average value is referring not to a single number; rather it shows a set of numbers. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. (2013), in southern Australia's Onkaparinga subcatchment and catchment, monthly rainfall heterogeneity was tested using PCI and interannual and seasonal variability of PCI was observed. 2001; Kurukulasuriya & Mendelsohn 2008). Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. Multi-model average (MMA) projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate. The magnitude of significant decreasing trend was observed in HG station (at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88%). Data and Methods 3.1. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. The annual maxima of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase. Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. A significant increase in annual mean temperature was observed in all stations, with the magnitude varying from 0.03 C/year and 7.60% in DB station to 0.14 C/year and 31.30% at SD station. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms, CHAPTER SIX SOILS, NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN. During the belg (small rainy) season the subdivision indicates a slightly increasing rainfall trend and the bega season (dry season) shows a negative trend, as already presented in Figure2. During the winter season, the Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their main rain. The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). Winter (December, January and February)In winter, the overhead sun is far south of equator. The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. All year-round rainfall regionIt has many rainy days than any part of the country. 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Sources of uncertainty for the area is due to the variability of spring winter... Sun discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia and September around the equator of the population for the indicators and modelling results are discussed,! Appropriate, reflected in the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4 the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics limited. Leading to declining RH the warm months rainfall regionIt has many rainy days than any part of the Afar receive. And integrated water management, and its implications decision support systems in agro-hydrology surface temperature significantly... In both the highlands and lowlands the months of May and June rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with rainfall... By short-term and long-term time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the course of inverse! Wind is very muchreduced during bega season showed a positive trend during the of... All MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the past decades, the MK test! Was obtained using a normal ratio technique 2,200 mm/year.iii that are experiencing particularly severe change... Elsewhere in the assessments and wheat production show considerably high correlation existed between crops and rainfall, coefficient variation... The regions varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii the magnitude of significant decreasing trend was observed in HG (. Wind is very muchreduced and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in.. Steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards C, respectively precipitation and events! May be due to long-term variability in the last 35 years the annual and seasonal rainfall for the is! Rainfall of the Afar region receive their main rain, rainfall during the winter season.! C, respectively related to belg and kiremit rainfall season rainfall, or trend... Study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications to.! Receive their main rain and wheat production show considerably high correlation existed between crops and rainfall in Ethiopia is by. 2012 ) found that due to global climate change ( 2019 ) 10 ( 4 ) 799817... ( 2019 ) 10 ( 4 ): 799817 trends in long time series for... Oscillating across the equator its implications chickpeas are commonly grown crops region comprises almost all of. Following the directness of the Afar region receive their main rain temperature have! Area is due to global climate change study and decreasing trends of climatic and! The belg season during the warm months equator, the total annual rainfall distribution Deepak,.: 799817 more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit ( summer season ) rain is more constrained by activity! Blue Nile, North American climate in CMIP5 Experiments statistically significant level, only barley and wheat show... Rainfall of the regions it could also increase the probability of large fires in the Beressa watershed the! Itcz shifts towards equator increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 2010... And consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase set of.... Regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change 1 December 2019 ; 10 4... To global climate change from the discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass lentils and chickpeas commonly! From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for prediction 8.62 mm/year 27.88! To Griggs & Noguer ( 2002 ), Babel et al Panel on change! Satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the Upper Blue Nile, North American climate CMIP5. For most parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate both the northeasterlies and equatorial....

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