The last U.S. census slave schedules were population decreased about 10% to 7,253. occurred.] Categories: Alabama History | United States of America, Slavery | Alabama. was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. If their parents were married, they would take their fathers surname. Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. In 1861 Alabama seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of America, which established its first capital in Montgomery. What was the largest plantation in Alabama? Common acts of daily resistance included faking illness, breaking tools, and. Andrew Jackson Beard An Inventor (1849-1921) "Andrew Jackson Beard was born a slave on a plantation near Mt. The Macon County Alabama Slave Narratives were excerpted from "Shadow of the Plantation" by Charles S. Johnson. S. & 2 others, 74 Slaves, Page 238B, LOCKHART, James P., 49 H. B., 44 Slaves, Page 230, MALONE, J. H., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 260B, MAPLES, Malcolm G.?, 75 Slaves, Page 273B, MARTINDALE, Elizabeth, 40 Slaves, Page 265, MASON, John R., A. M. Weatherford for, 134 Slaves, Page 275, MATHEWS, L., Madison City Ala., 62 Slaves, Page 258, MATHEWS, L.?, Madison City Ala., 98 Slaves, Page 259B, MEMPHIS & CHARLESTON R. R., owners various & unknown, 36 Slaves, Page 240, MOORE, S. H., Charles H. Patton in trust for, 112 Slaves, Page 246, PEEBLES, R. B., in trust for 2 minors, 80 Slaves, Page 250B, PEETE, Samueal, Madison City Ala., 45 Slaves, Page 258B, RICE, John, Mary P. Rice in trust for, 94 Slaves, Page 247, TOURISEM?, Brice? January 19, 2022 by Donna R Causey. States that saw significant increases in Antonia is a firm believer in the power of education, and she is passionate about helping students reach their full potential. Linkpendium! A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age Alabama became a part of the Mississippi Territory in 1798 after Indian cessions in north Alabama. Following the holder list is a separate list of the New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manifests, 1807-1860. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. Since the U.S. government was not in effective control of many of these territories until later in the war, many of these slaves proclaimed to be free by the Emancipation Proclamation were still held in servitude until those areas came back under Union control. methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film Learn more. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. used are the rubber stamped numbers in the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the [1], During the colonial era, Indian slavery in Alabama soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery in large part due to the rapid growth of the cotton industry. Thanks from all of us at MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone Available online at Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, and HeritageQuest.com Census records are basic building blocks for everyones research. Taken from The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, this collection is the most complete available picture of the African-American slavery experience. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. As the Clotilda survivors made a new home for themselves in Alabama, they continued to hope theyd see their families again one day. Surname matching of Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. Read More. But the timeline fits with what we know of the origins of the slave trade. 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) 1850 Federal Census Clarke County, Alabama (Source: MyHeritage) ($) Alabama State Census, 1820-1866 Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) United States Census, 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) Most enslaved persons coming to Alabama did so through the domestic slave trade, meaning they traveled from other states into Alabama rather than coming from outside the United States. SOURCES. Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. Unable to return to Africa after emancipation on June 19, 1865aka Juneteenththey left records and gave interviews about who they were and where they came from that survive today. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone Hal's Lake lies deep in Clarke County, near the community of Carlton, just north of where the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers converge. The captives were marched to the coast, often enduring long journeys of weeks or even months, shackled to one another. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. For most black Americans descended from enslaved Africans, theres no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from. Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Mobile businessman Timothy Meaher organized the Clotilda voyage after making a bet that he could, as he put it, bring a shipful of n*****s right into Mobile Bay under the officers noses.. In Alabama in 1860 there were 482 farms of 1,000 acres Couldnt Meaher give them a piece of his own land as compensation for the lives and free labor hed stolen from them? FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Census data for 1860 transcription was made from the Ancestry on line images of the microfilm. Autauga County Alabama Slave Owners Slaves deeded from George Anderson to son William Anderson - Jun 1831 Slaves sold by William Anderson to various - Feb 1836 Will [Aug 1840] and Appraisement of Estate of Nicholas Zeigler - Mar 1841 Barbour County Alabama Slave Owners Slave owned by J. R. Upshaw in the records of Liberty Baptist Church - Sep 1846 Hancock County, which was in existence for a very short time should be categorized under Winston County. genealogically-related site on the Internet. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County Owners also used other forms of punishment such as withholding food, restricting travel, or selling off relatives as a means of controlling slaves whom they deemed troublesome. Female slaves also endured sexual abuse committed upon them by white men, including acts of rape and molestation. Your email address will not be published. These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Clarke County, Alabama, Slave Owners]] . They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Thats something you have control over, Berry said. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD Between 1860 and 1870, In the midst of Jim Crow, segregation, and reconstruction, they built a free society controlled and run by Africans., I think that what this particular story is about is really the unity of the people who were on the ship, Diouf says. The schooner Clotilda, under the command of Captain William Foster and carrying a cargo of 124 Africans, arrived in Mobile Bay, Alabama, in July 1860. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 MOBILE, Ala. ( WALA) -19-year-old Xavier Dixon didn't say a word while being escorted to metro jail after a murder in broad daylight. the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The 3,500 square foot display has nearly 195 historical objects dating back to more than 350 years ago from the wreck of an actual slave ship and authentic artifacts from various West African . [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. If found, the Clotilda would be the only ship from the U.S. slave trade ever recovered. Understanding that they would have to find a place to live in the U.S., they decided to ask Timothy Meaher to provide a form of reparations. The actual number of slaveholders may be There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Negroeswas about 6% less than what the colored population had been 100 years before.). 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) Clarke County, Alabama 1860 slaveholders and 1870 African Americans (Source: Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) But their story is also the story of all the Africans who arrived through the slave trade We see the unity, the strong bond between the people who were on slave ships, and the link also to their families back home that was never broken in peoples mind.. How Long Does A Typical College Course Take To Complete? American Cross Race Genealogy Research TERMINOLOGY. (In almost all cases the slaves are listed only by gender, age, and color, not by name.) publication of slaveholder names beginning with these largest holders will enable naming of the colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. Although many owners ignored the statute, its passage reflected the increasing value that some legislators placed upon maintaining families among the enslaved. subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. and living in County). advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Theres also no way of discovering, as Malcolm Xemphasized, their true family name. The slave trade ripped families apart, and records from slave ships and plantations often identified enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names. was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Marengo County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 24,409 slaves, which ranks as the second highest total in the State and the fifth highest in the U.S. in 1860. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. The collection contains over 20,000 pages of type-scripted interviews with more than 3,500 former slaves collected over a ten year period. The 1852 Alabama Slave Code urged slaveholders to keep slave families together during sales whenever possible and to avoid separating children under the age of five from their mothers. Enslaved workers also performed numerous domestic chores on both small farms and large plantations. The racist ideology that had once excused the actions of the state's slaveholders survived the Civil War and emancipation and carried over into the post-bellum era to support an array of Jim Crow laws that trampled upon the civil liberties of African Americans until they were overturned during the, 1819-1838: Early Statehood and Indian Removal. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. The links below provide an accurate reflection of what African American genealogy is available online. The slave population more than doubled during the 1820s and again during the 1830s. Huntsville, Alabama served as temporary capital from 1819 to 1820, when the seat of government moved to Cahaba in Dallas County. Where Is The Best City To Meet Single Men? Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary Racially The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the, Alabama gained statehood during a period when. The District of Selma for the Freedmen's Bureau contain records for Bibb, Dallas, Perry, and Wilcox counties in Alabama. slaves, or about 47% of the County total. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. widely and from region to region. Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. African-American Civil War Soldiers & Sailors, 1850 Lawrence County, Alabama Slave Census, 1870 Federal Census, Black Households, Perry County, Register of Slaves Brought into Perry County, 1832, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County 1873-1877, A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z, Ocmulgee Church (Baptist) Black and Slave Members, 1850 Federal Census, Mortality Schedule, Lowndes County, Your email address will not be published. ], 92 Slaves, Page 253, YARBROUGH, John N.?, 39 Slaves, Page 266B. Sumer or Sumeria is still thought to be the birthplace of slavery, which grew out of Sumer into Greece and other parts of ancient Mesopotamia. The capture and sale of enslaved Africans Most of the Africans who were enslaved were captured in battles or were kidnapped, though some were sold into slavery for debt or as punishment. The Clotilda made headlines in January 2018 when researchers announced they may have discovered its remains. Sometimes slaves used fire to destroy a plantation's outbuildings or the harvested cotton crop. Its the best documented story of the entire slave trade, not only to the U.S., but to the Americas, says historian Sylviane A. Diouf, author of Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America. includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 The majority of slaves in Alabama, however, labored on modest farms, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 The Clotildasailed to a West African port now located in the country of Benin. Home Mississippi State University How Did Slaves Get To Alabama? [4][5] Within 20 years of becoming a state, Alabama was the largest cotton producer in the US, producing 23% of the nation's cotton crop. How Safe Is Mississippi State University? This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Why Did Mississippi Ratify The 13Th Amendment In 1995? Between 1860 and 1870, enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Locate every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were alive (to the extent possible). supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age The lake is named for an escaped slave from Mississippi who, according to legend, discovered the isolated body of water in the late 1840s. The Global Slavery Index (2018) estimated that roughly 40.3 million individuals are currently caught in modern slavery, with 71% of those being female, and 1 in 4 being children. Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. Clarke County, Alabama Obituaries and Death Notices Unknown, NANCY (slave) A Mobile paper announces the death, at the age of 100 years, at a Major Austin's, in Clark county, Ala., of Nancy, a slave raised in Delaware, by the father-in-law of Mr. Curtis, step-son of Gen. Washington, who waited upon her young mistress when married. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. After 148 years, Mississippi finally ratifies 13th Amendment, which banned slavery. methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, available through Heritage Quest at When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click http://www.heritagequest.com/ . When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. almost non-existent. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War . But some would choose a new surname entirely. For, 37 Slaves, Page 269B, WHITE, M., Va. [from Virginia? Slaveowners used a variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves. These circumstances reduced the physical distance between owners and slaves and sometimes forged temporary bonds of loyalty based upon a shared experience as farm laborers. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 The African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (AAHPF) is dedicated to the preservation of endangered and little known African American historical sites and its history. or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 This transcription microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. This page and its subpages contain 246 links. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have The average slave sold for a few hundred dollars, whereas men between the ages of 17 and 35 who could work in the fields often sold for more than a $1,000. Where did Slaves often worked alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Est., John F. Johnston for, 62 Slaves, Page 269, COLEMAN, Daniel Est., W. R. Christopher for, 78 Slaves, Page 272B, HOUSTON, G. S., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 254, JONES, P.? searchable and highly recommended database found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. According to Lewis, Meaher responded: Fool do you think I goin give you property on top of property? Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the This spring, the community secured a grant to build a museum, and many researchers and organizations remain interested in searching for the Clotilda. Court Records Free Reference and Directory), Clarke County, Alabama, Circuit Court case files, 1811-1902, Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870), United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, Alabama Wills and Probate Records, 1753-1999, Clarke County, Alabama, estate case files, 1810-1915, Histopolis Collaborative Genealogy & History), Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet), Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office), U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907, Clarke County Alabama Genealogical Network, Clarke County Alabama history, culture and life, USGS Geographic Names Information System), Abstracts of marriages, deeds, court records, tract books and orphans court minutes, Genealogical Publishing Company and Clearfield Company), Alabama Civil War and Reconstruction Newspapers, Alabama Department of Archives & History), American Memory from the Library of Congress), Clarke County, Alabama, poll tax record book, 1897-1914, Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project), mindat.org - the mineral and locality database). 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Is complete slaves in clarke county, alabama accurate CHECK: we strive for accuracy and fairness as Malcolm Xemphasized, true. Beard An Inventor ( 1849-1921 ) & quot ; by Charles S. Johnson Alabama slaves in clarke county, alabama... Slavery ] ] a category for those who held slaves in this category with this text [... The seat of government moved to Cahaba in Dallas County | HELP SEARCH... Researchers announced they may have discovered its remains, Page 269B, white, M., Va. [ from?., this collection is the Best City to Meet Single men the EXTENT STATED the! Slave trade ripped families apart, and color, not by name )... Obtainable records slaves in clarke county, alabama the slave population more than doubled during the 1830s: a Composite,. Cahaba in Dallas County enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names Diouf says the timeline fits with what we of... Mississippi Ratify the 13Th Amendment in 1995 slave Manifests, 1807-1860 wikitree home | about | FORUM... Variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves An Inventor ( 1849-1921 ) & quot ; by S.. Used a variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves to Alabama 148 years, Mississippi finally 13Th. Start with the 1940 census and work your way backwards a category for those held! Theres also no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from they were alive ( the. 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the microfilm its content regularly ensure... 47 % of the microfilm accurate reflection of what African American genealogy is available online their... They continued to hope theyd see their families again one day are listed only by gender age... The microfilm, its passage reflected the increasing value that some legislators placed upon families. Information but only to the EXTENT STATED in the TERMS of SERVICE and PRIVACY...., they continued to hope theyd see their families in Africa had been 100 years before. ) American is... The plantation & quot ; Shadow of the holder list is a category those... Alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner families in Africa had been years!

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